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Objective To explore the effects of renal artery calcification on the renal function in type 2 diabetic ne-phropathy rats .Methods Rats were randomly divided into control group ( CON group ) , diabetic nephropathy group ( DN group) and DN with vascular calcification group ( DN+VC group) .Rats of group DN and DN +VC were fed with high sugar and fat diet and injected with streptozotocin (STZ)into abdominal cavity to induce type 2 diabetes. After diabetic models were made , rats of group DN+VC were treated by vitamin D 3 plus nicotine .The rats were sacrificed at 8 , 12 and16 week respectively and the pathologic change to the renal artery were microscoped by von Kossa staining .The calcium content were detected by calcium assay kit and double immunofluorescence staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR) were applied to detect the protein and gene expression levels of BMP2 in the renal artery.Measure the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr),cystatin C (Cys C) and 24 hour urinary protein (24-h UA)respectively at the 8th,12th and 16th weeks.Histopathology of kidney was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining .Results The deposition of black granules , the calcium content and the protein and gene expression levels of BMP 2 in DN group were significantly higher than those in group CON and lower than DN+VC group at each time points(P<0.05).The BUN, Scr, Cys C and 24-h UA in group DN and group DN+VC were gradually increased in 8th,12th and 16th weeks, and were higher than those in group CON( P<0.05 ) .Compared with the DN group , only the level of Cys C at each time point and the level of 24-h UA in 16th week in DN+VC group were significantly higher ( P<0.05 ) .The pathological damages of the kidney in group DN showed a continual worsening trend and the pathological changes of the kidney in group DN +VC were more serious than group DN .Calcium content was positively correlated with the increased serum BUN , Scr, Cys C, 24-h UA and BMP2 mRNA ( all P<0.01 ) .Conclusions The occurrence and severity of renal artery calcification may participate in and promote the progression of DN .
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Objeetive To explore the effects of renal artery calcification on the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN),the activation and its role of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2) signal pathway in renal artery of rats.Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(CON group),DN group and DN with vascular calcification group (DN+VDN group).Rats of group DN and DN + VDN were fed with high sugar and fat diet and injected with streptozocin (STZ) into abdominal cavity to induce diabetes.After diabetic models were successfully made,rats of group DN+ VDN were treated by vitamin D3 plus nicotine.The rats were sacrificed at 8th,12th and 16th week respectively and the levels of renal function,blood glucose and 24 h urinary protein (24-h Upro) were measured.The pathologic changes to the renal artery were observed by yon-Kossa staining and the calcium content was detected by calcium assay kit.The pathologic changes to the kidney were observed by HE.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the protein expression of BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/ Osterix signal pathway in the renal artery and real-time PCR were applied to detect the mRNA expression levels of BMP2 and Runx2.Results The calcium content and the deposition of black granules in DN group were significantly higher than those in group CON and lower than DN + VDN group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).The renal function indices in group DN and group DN+VDN were gradually increased in 8th,12th and 16th weeks,and were higher than those in group CON (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with that in DN group,although the level of BUN,Scr,Cys C and 24-h Upro in DN+VDN group rats were higher at different time point,the level of Cys C at each time point and the level of 24-h Upro in the 16th week showed significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological damages of the kidney in group DN and DN+VDN showed a continual worsening trend and the pathological changes of the kidney in group DN+VDN were more serious than those in group DN.Furthermore,the levels of BMP2/Smad1/Runx2/Osterix signal protein and BMP2,Runx2 mRNA in DN rats were higher than those in CON group,lower than DN+VDN group at each time point (P ＜ 0.05).Correlation analysis demonstrated that calcium content was positively correlated with serum BUN,Scr,Cys C,24-h Upro and the expression of BMP2,Runx2 mRNA (r=0.835,0.705,0.829,0.897,0.641,0.683,P ＜ 0.01,respectively).Conclusion Renal artery calcification may participate in and promote the progression of DN,and the BMP2 signal pathway may be an important regulating factor in DN with renal artery calcification.
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Forty-eight men with normal glucose tolerance were divided into fatty liver disease ( NAFLD, n =23 ) and non-NAFLD (n =25 ) groups. The blood glucose excursion was evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring system. The results showed that the mean amplitude of glucose excursion[MAGE, (2. 17± 1.13 vs 1.45±0. 42 )mmol/L]and standard deviation of blood glucose[SDBG, (0. 88 ±0. 45 vs 0. 61 ±0. 21 ) mmol/L]were significantly higher in NAFLD group than in non-NAFLD group( both P＜0. 05 ). MAGE and SDBG were positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference, and the increased value of plasma glucose 0. 5 h after glucose loading( △G30,all P＜0. 05 ). In multiple regression analysis, △G30, waist circumference, and age were significant independent predictors for MAGE( P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ). △G30 and waist circumference were significant independent predictors for SDBG( P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01 ).
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Seventy-four men aged 20-50 years with normal glucose tolerance were divided into abdominal obese group(n=36),simple obese group(n=16),and normal body weight group(n=22).One-hour postload plasma glucose(1hPG)and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT)were higher in abdominal obese group than those in simple obese group and control group(all P<0.01).IMT was positively correlated with 1hPG(P<0.05).In multiple regression analysis,waist circumference and triglycerides were independent predictors for IMT.
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Objective To investigate the correlation of anthropometric parameters with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in Qinhuangdao college students.Methods A total of 789 subjects from two colleges in Qinhuangdao City (369 men and 420 women) were recruited using a cluster-stratified sampling method.Anthropometric measurements included height,body weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,blood pressure.and ALT.Body mass index,waist to height ratio,and waist to hip ratio were calculated.Results Elevated ALT was found in 16.3% of male participants and 4.0% of females(P<0.05).For males,those with elevated ALT showed significantly higher levels of anthropometric parameters (P<0.05).In females,the levels of anthropometric parameters were similar between subjects with or without elevated ALT(P>0.05).Receiver operating characteristie curve analysis also showed that obesity indices predicted elevated ALT only in men [area under the curve:0.8-0.9(P<0.05) in men,0.5-0.6(P>0.05) in wonlen].Blood pressure did not predict elevated ALT in both men and women (area under the curve:0.5-0.7).Conclusion Dender difference of obesity indices could be found in Qinhuangdao college students.Obesity indices may be independent predictors of elevated ALT in men.However,blood pressure seems not to be an independent predictor of elevated ALT.
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Objective To assess the clinical significance of ankle-brachial index (ABI)in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease and its relationship with some interfering factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and ten type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were selected.The systolic blood pressure and blood flow waveform in brachial artery,dorsal artery of foot or posterior tibial artery were surveyed with Doppler flow imaging survey meter ES-1000 SPM.ABI was calculated and the patients were divided into peripheral arterial disease group (group A) and non-peripheral arterial disease group (group B).Clinical data and risk factors were analyzed.Results In 110 patients,there were 20 cases (18.2%) with ABI<0.9.Age,TC,LDL-C,24 hours urinary microalbumin (24hUMA) and the prevalence of coronary heart disease were all higher in group A than those in group B (P＜0.05).LDL-C and the prevalence of coronary heart disease were independent risks variable for peripheral arterial disease. Conclusions ABI can assess objectively peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.which offers reliable base to active therapy.Advanced age,hypercholesteremia and hyper 24hUMA are the main factors of peripheral arterial disease.
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Objective To explore the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in adolescents with a family history of hypertension.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3874 adolescents ages 13-18 years,with normal BP in 3724 people.Based on family history of hypertension (FH),the cohort of adolescents were dichoto- mized as postive family history (FH~+,n=1145) and negative (FH~-,n=2579).Height,weight,waist circum- ference,hip circumference,blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose(FPG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were determined.Results FH~+ adolescents had signifi- cantly higher levels of body mass index(BMI),waist circumference,WHR,FPG,TC and LDL-C(P
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Objective To delineate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)and hypertension in adolescents.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3874 adolescents ages 13-18 years.They were classified into four groups according to BMI and WHtR,group A:normal BMI and WHtR
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Objective To optimize supercritical extraction technique from four medicinal materials, which are the part components in the recipe of Keganliyan Oral Liquor and are extracted traditionally for essential oils. Methods Extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity were taken as evaluated indexes. Supercritical extraction technique was researched with orthogonal tests, gas chromatography, and SAS statistic. Results Within the test levels, temperature and time showed evident effect on extraction ratio and menthol extraction quantity, while pressure did not show any evident effect on them、 The preferable technique to extraction ratio is temperature at 55 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 27 MPa; and the preferable technique to menthol extraction quantity is temperature at 45 ℃, time for 120 min, and extracted pressure at 22 MPa. Conclusion The optimized supercritical extraction technique for Keganliyan Oral Liquor is feasible.